Air India - 2719 Words

[pic] CASE STUDY ON AIR INDIA [pic] OF BUSINESS PROCES STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Submitted To: N.P.SINGH Submitted By: Priyanka Bhardwaj(86) Anil Tiwari(98) Lovisha Sharma (76) JAGANNATH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL KALKAJI,NEW DELHI Air India Limited (Hindi: à ¤ Ã  ¤â€¦Ã  ¤ ° à ¤â€¡Ã  ¤â€šÃ  ¤ ¡Ã  ¤ ¿Ã  ¤ ¯Ã  ¤ ¾) is the national flag carrier airline of India, flying a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services. Air India is state-owned, and administered as part of the National Aviation Company of India Limited - which was created in 2007 to facilitate Air Indias merger with†¦show more content†¦Only applied to around a half of Air Indias fleet, the new livery did not succeed, as the Indian flying public complained about the phasing out of the classic colours. The new livery was dropped after two years and the old scheme was returned. In 1993, Air India took delivery of the flagship of its fleet when the first Boeing 747-400 named Konark and registered VT-ESM made history by operating the first non-stop flight between New York City and Delhi. In 1994 the airline was registered as Air India Ltd. In 1996, the airline inaugurated service to its second US gateway at OHare International Airport in Chicago. In 1999, the airline opened its dedicated Terminal 2-C at the newly renamed Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai. In 2000, Air India introduced services to Shanghai, as well as to Los Angeles and Newark. On May 2004, Air India launched a wholly-owned low cost airline called Air India Express. Air India Express connecting cities in India with the Middle East, Southeast Asia and the Subcontinent. Air India expanded its international routes to include non-stop flights from Ahmedabad and also expanded its international operations from Bangalore and Hyderabad. On 8 March 2004, International Womens Day, the airline operated an All Women Flight from Mumbai to Singapore.[8] Captain Rashmi Miranda, who became Air-Indias first female Commander in November 2003 and Captain Kshmata Bajpai piloted the flight, anShow MoreRelatedAir India essay3292 Words   |  14 PagesAIR INDIA CONTENTS * INTRODUCTION * HISTORY * DESTINATIONS * FLEET * CODE SHARE AGREEMENTS * AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS * CRITICISM AND CONTROVERSY * CORPORATE AFFAIRS AND IDENTITY * FINANCIAL CRISIS * RE-PRIVATISATION PLANS * RETURN TO PROFITABILITY PLANS * THE GOVERNMENT IS STUCK IN * AN UNENVIABLE POSITION ON AIRINDIA * CONCLUSION Air India INTRODUCTION Air India is the flag carrier airlineRead MoreAir India Marketing Strategy1279 Words   |  6 PagesAir India Marketing Strategy Name: Harsha Sinha Enrollment No. 11BSPHH010328 Section – B Seat No. - 2 AirIndia  is a  state-owned  flag carrier, the oldest airline  of India. It is part of the Indian government-owned  AI Limited.   The airline operates a fleet of  Airbus  and  Boeing  aircrafts. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), by its latest estimates,  India will contribute significantly to air travel, which is to grow from US$ 5.1billion to US$ 5.6billion.  MarketRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Air India4389 Words   |  18 PagesA REPORT ON FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF AIR INDIA COURSE: MBA in Logistics and Supply Chain Management SUBJECT: Financial Analysis for Managers ID No: EAC0911598 12/28/2011 Christy Christopher Devassy TABLE OF CONTENT 01 I. Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 02 II. Company Profile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 03 III. Financial Ratio’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦04 a) Profitability Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..04 b) Efficiency Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦08 c) Liquidity Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSample Resume : Air India740 Words   |  3 PagesAir India Simarjeet Singh Pankil Shah Leroy Rodrigues (1000035608) Date: 20/06/2016 Course: Graduate Diploma in Applied Management Lecturer: Say Chong Lim- Applied Management Introduction: Air India is the national airline of India and also one of the biggest air company of the country in terms of passengers carried. It was started by Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata in 1932 and was called Tata Airlines at that time. It started off carrying passengers and air mail between Bombay, Karachi, AhmedabadRead MoreAir India Strategy3546 Words   |  15 PagesSummary Air India began its services in 1932 and has been operating in India for the last 78 years. It is the oldest passenger flight of India. The government of India holds 49% of Air India’s share with an option to acquire 2% more since 1946. This made Air India a public sector thus enabled it to operate flights internationally. In spite of being a public sector company Air India has been running in loss for the past 10 years. A SWOT analysis was conducted to analyze the strength of Air India thatRead MoreRevenue Model Analysis of Passenger Traffic and Cargo Traffic in Air India Ltd10535 Words   |  43 PagesTRAFFIC IN AIR INDIA LTD† By N.ANANDRAJ (21107631002) A PROJECT REPORT Submitted to the DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the award of the degree Of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Affiliated to Anna University) THANDALAM CHENNAI – 602 105 JUNE 2009 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report† REVENUE MODEL ANALYSIS OF PASSENGER TRAFFIC AND CARGO TRAFFIC OF AIR INDIARead MoreReview of the Inquiry of Air India Flight 182: A Canadian Tragedy1515 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction On June 23, 1985, a bomb was planted on Air India Flight 182 that exploded and killed the 329 passengers and crew while airborne (Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182: Final report, 2010). A second bomb at Tokyo’s Narita Airport killed two baggage handlers that were unloading luggage from a Canadian Pacific Airlines flight, the baggage was also prepared to be on the Air India flight. Sikh terrorists were responsible for planting the twoRead MoreBritish Airlines and Air India1948 Words   |  8 Pages India and the UK have a great deal in common. Right from our Parliamentary system of democracy to our judicial system, our bureaucracy to now, the common travails of our flag carriers, British Airways (BA) and Air India (AI). BA, according to its chief executive, Willie Walsh, is in a ‘fight for survival’ much like our own AI. As with the latter, BA has a bloated workforce, awful finances, a huge debt, all problems that characterize AI as well. And, in an uncanny parallel, AI’s latest offer of unpaidRead MoreBiography of Jrd Tata1644 Words   |  7 PagesRatanji Dadabhoy Tata popularly known as JRD Tata was one of the most enterprising Indian entrepreneurs. He was a pioneer | |aviator and built one of the largest industrial houses of India. He had the honour of being Indias first pilot, he was Chairman of | |Tata Sons for 50 years and launched Air India International as Indias first international airline. He was awarded Indias highest | |civilian award, the Bharat Ratna in 1992. Read MoreA Case on Air India’s Pilot Strike of May 20125993 Words   |  24 PagesA Case on Air India’s Pilot Strike of May 2012 CONTENTS 1) Company background of Air India 2) History 3) The merger into Air India 4) Financial Crisis of Air India 5) The chronology of the Air India strike may 2012 6) Highlights of the strike: Management’s view and the Union’s view 7) Causes for the strike 8) Effects of the strike 9) Interview of former executive director of Air India: Jitender Bhargava 10) Conclusion: My understandings from the case 11) References Submitted By: Ragavendra.B 09MBI050

Process Recording - 1861 Words

Process Recording Client’s name: yulaydi Date of Interview: 10/30/2012 Section # 2 Assessments 2 Client’s information: yulaydi is 22 years old she is a single mother of a 5 year old son. She is unemployed and is residing in her mother’s home. Presenting issue: The client was referred to this agency because of her anxiety and depression problems she is seeking help in dealing with the pressure being put on her as a mother and as a daughter living under her mother’s roof. Systems the Client is involved in: SNAP (Food Stamps), Public Assistant, and Unemployment, Medicaid. Client’s Strength: Pride’s†¦show more content†¦She was constantly said and crying obvious signs of depression. Content | Skill Used | Gut Reaction | Thoughts/ Analysis | Social Worker(S) –â€Å"What brings you to our agency?† | * Verbal behavior * Sounding calm relaxed but at the same time intrigued. * Simple encouragement * Client- initiated silence. | * Something is definitely wrong in her life because of her facial expressions. | | Client (C) – â€Å"My mother is forcing me to choice between being a good mother to my son or being the person she wants me to be!† | * Active listening, comforting the client was in tears crying hard. | | * What did she mean? | (S) – â€Å"What do you think is the â€Å"person she wants you to be†? Would this be harmful to your parenting style?† | | * I am trying hard to understand her reaction, she was crying very hard and I felt like I wanted to comfort her so badly but at the same time as a professional I needed to just do the next best thing so I gave her a Kleenex and let her take her time to get together once again | | (C ) – â€Å"My mother wants me to go out there and produce money no matter the cost , and since there is no jobs that I should go out there and prostitute myself so I can pay for my roof. I asked her to just give me more time to get myself together so me and my son can leave ,but she said that she is not going to support anyone else anymore that sheShow MoreRelatedChapter 2 – the Recording Process1604 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 2 – The Recording Process Questions – 1-21, Pages 78-79 1. Describe the parts of a T  account.   T account consists of three parts: (1) a title, (2) a left or debit side, and (3) a right or credit side. Because the format of an account resembles the letter T, we refer to it as a T account. 2. â€Å"The terms debit  and credit  mean increase and decrease, respectively.† Do you agree? Explain. I do not agree. We use the terms debit and  credit repeatedly in the recording. Debit simply meansRead MoreFilm Production Industry And Its Recording Process1864 Words   |  8 Pagesof the existing feature film production industry and its recording process. The plan suggests methods reduce the time spent in the recording of the images during the process of filming a feature film production. The innovation will be made using multiple cameras recording through new technologies in advanced camera resolution and camera size (Steyn, 2013). The scope of the problem lies for the whole feature film industry as this slow process of filming affects the whole industry. When new technologyRead MoreAccounting Is The Process Of Identifying, Recording And Communicating Information807 Words   |  4 PagesAccounting is the process of identifying, recording and communicating information to interested users. Financial Statements, such as the balance sheets, income statements, etc. must follow GAA P or United Stated GAAP. GAAP or Generally Accepted Accounting Principles is a set of principles that gives accountants guidance when performing the accounting cycle. The accounting cycle is a lengthy process. The eight steps in the accounting cycle are as follows: identify the transactions, journalize the transactionsRead MoreMy First Process Recording For Identifying Information Section1254 Words   |  6 PagesFor the purpose of my first process recording for the identifying information section I would like to identify myself as the â€Å"client†. Therefore, I was at the agency to receive orientation materials that included information about the agency, my role within the agency, and task that I would be responsible for. I am a 22 year old African American female who is placed at the Greater Richmond SCAN as a field student. Ms. Jeanine Harper is my field supervisor. She is responsible for providing me withRead MoreRecording Process : Audio Extraction, Speech Recognition And Subtitle Synchronization1027 Words   |  5 Pagesmany softwares available to generate subtitles file manually, however software for automatically generating subtitles are scarce. In this paper, we introduce a system that we have envisioned will generate subtitles automatically through a 3- stage process: Audio extraction, Speech recognition and Subtitle synchronization. Three parts are eminent: The first one includes splitting audio from video and converting the audio in suitable format if necessary. Recognition of speech contained in the audio isRead MoreEssay A Profitable Home Recording Studio For $10,0002381 Words   |  10 PagesA Profitable Home Recording Studio For $10,000 Jumping in to starting a business can be scary and investing in a home recording studio is no exception. There are many things to consider when doing so. How much will it cost? What gear will I need? What recording jobs will I take on? What will I charge? How will I network and advertise? I believe that I can open a profitable home studio for $10,000 mixed with my skills and gear that I already have. Before I get too in depth I need to discussRead MoreThe Audio Engineer1458 Words   |  6 PagesA vital part in the making of any professionally made album is the production and post-production process. These processes are the responsibility of audio engineers employed by record labels. The engineers are responsible for the recording, mixing, and mastering of audio tracks. To do this, engineers are trained with various technologies in the fields of multi track recording, outboard gear and digital/analog workstations. With their knowledge and tools, engineers help the artists convey their artRead MoreDesigning A Recording Studio Recording Rooms1330 Words   |  6 PagesA recording studio is made up of three rooms that are, the live room which is the studio itself, the control room and the machine room. Sound used for recording is created in the live room. Manipulation and recording of sound are done in the control room. All noisier equipment that may interfere with the recording pr ocess is kept in the machine room. Recording rooms are designed carefully by the principle of room acoustics. This helps in creating space with the acoustical properties that are necessaryRead MoreContractual Aspects Of A Recording Contract995 Words   |  4 Pagescontractual aspects of a recording contract offered to solo artist and songwriter George Ezra (The Artist), particularly paying attention to several clauses which are considered most important to ring-fence and to guard against in the interest of the artist. George Ezra is a young, hyped solo singer-songwriter from Hertford with whom I signed a management agreement in 2012. After two years of promoting and marketing the George Ezra ‘Brand’ we have now decided to seek an exclusive recording contract with aRead More Audio Engineer Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesEngineer An audio engineer is responsible for the operation of the soundboard and other equipment in the recording of music, words, sounds, or any combination of such material. There are several types of engineering positions available in todays studios. In large studios, there are usually several engineers, each with the own duties and contributions. There are recording engineers, recording assistants, set-up engineers, maintenance engineers, and even mix-down engineers in some cases. In smaller

Should the united states end drug prohibition Essay Example For Students

Should the united states end drug prohibition Essay Should the United States End Drug Prohibition?The Federal Government, while trying to protect us from our human nature,developed harsh anti-drug policies with the hope of eradicating drugs. Atthe time, these policies seemed simple enough: we will impose penalties onthose who use substances illegally, we will intercept drugs coming fromother countries while ending all drug cultivation in the States, and we willeven try to prevent foreign governments from growing these substances. Theidea of the Drug Prohibition surely made sense: lower demand of drugs by lawenforcement, and reduce supply through domestic and international means. Unfortunately, the Drug Prohibition led to heavy costs, both financially andotherwise, while being ineffective, if not, at times, counterproductive. Today, we can see the unforeseen costs of the Drug Prohibition, and weshould consider these costs before expanding the War on Drugs.First, among the costs of the War on Drugs, the most obvious is monetarycost. The direct cost of purchasing drugs for private use is $100 billion ayear. The federal government spends at least $10 billion a year on drugenforcement programs and spends many billions more on drug-related crimesand punishment. The estimated cost to the United States for the War onDrugs is $200 billion a year or an outstanding $770 per person per year,and that figure does not include the money spent by state and localgovernment in this war (Evans and Berent, eds. xvii). The second cost of this war is something economist like to callopportunity costs. Here, we have two resources which are limited: prisoncells and law enforcement. When more drug crimes take up law enforcementstime and when more drug criminals take up cells, less ability to fight othercrime exists. This becomes significant when an estimated 35-40 millionAmericans use drugs per year. In 1994, law enforcement arrested some750,000 people on drug charges, and of those 750,000, 600,000 were chargedmerely with possession. Sixty percent of the prison population are drugoffenders (Wink). The police, therefore, most work to find these 35 millioncriminals, thereby exhausting their resources. Also, in major urbancenters, the number of drug offences brought to trial are outstanding. Forexample, in Washington in 1994, 52% of all indictments were drug related asopposed to 13% in 1981 (Evans and Berent, eds. 21). All aspects of ourlegal system are being exhausted on drugs when it could be used moreef fectively on other felonies or focused on preventing children from buyingdrugs. Another two legal aspects of Drug Prohibition are interesting since theyshow how the Prohibition is not only ineffective, but alsocounterproductive. The first of which is the fact that the illegality ofdrugs leads to huge profits for drug dealers and traffickers. Ironically,the Drug Prohibition benefits most the drug traffickers and dealers asprices are pushed well above cost (Evans and Berent, eds. 22). The secondaspect of the Drug Prohibition that undermines law enforcement is the needfor drug users to commit personal property crimes. One-third of the peoplearrested for burglary and robbery said that they stole only to support theirhabit, and about 75% of personal property crimes were committed by drugabusers. Studies also suggest that these people, when placed on outpatientdrug therapy or sold drugs at a lower price commit much less crime (Duke). Even the DEA admits that, Drug use was common among inmates serving timefor robbery, burglary, and drug offenses (Crime, Violence). Drug Prohibition has been very costly, detrimental to our relations withother countries, and harmful to users and society alike. All this whiletrying to battle an enemy who is not as dangerous as it is currentlybelieved by most of the American public. The unpleasantries of the historyof Drug Prohibition also show us how the public has been mislead throughProhibition. Many of these disagreeable acts were not circumstances of DrugProhibition, rather goals of it, whether it was understood or not. The United States image in Latin America has been precarious nearly fromits birth. The image of the American intent on dominating the New Worldplays in the minds of our neighbors. Recently, though, the situation isinteresting since the countries involved are growing less and lesscomplacent to deal with the losses of sovereignty that they are incurring. Drug Prohibition not only plays out on the American stage, but is a focalpoint of US relations with the countries of Latin America. So, as each ofthese countries has to pay the costs of Yankee Imperialism, the tensionbetween neighbors is increasing. The first of the tensions comes from Colombia. Unfortunately, our crusadeagainst drugs has caused the famous cartels of South America and,especially, those of Colombia. Many wonder if we are justified in puttingpressure on these countries just to slow the drug trade. The deaths ofthousands of innocent Colombians were the result of our actions in thesecountries (Evans and Berent, eds. 58). The growth of the cartels,especially the Cali cartel, has led to political corruption in that country. The President Ernesto Samper was said to have taken money from drugtraffickers so that the government would stop other groups from exportingcocaine. He promised in his campaign a fight against drugs, but nobody cantrust a President who took money from the cartels, said David Casas, aresident of Cali, Colombia. This unnecessary death and corruption in othercountries due to United States drug policy sometimes lead to hostilitytoward us (Casas). Because of the problems South American countries havefaced because of Drug Prohibition, Colombias Nobel Prize winning authorGabriel Garca Mrquez has written a manifesto declaring the drug war asuseless (15). Action abroad by the United States has also led to an increase insubversive organizations worldwide. Civil war is currently being threatenedin Bolivia by a coca-growing union. The group, which feels that theBolivian government has been too open to challenges in sovereignty, isfighting Yankee Imperialism and control by the DEA of a coca-growingregion (Epstein 1). In Colombia and Peru, groups like the communist FuerzasArmadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia)and Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path), both Communist groups, that survive ondrug money lead such acts as kidnaping foreign visitors, leading bombings onAmerican buisnesses in the country, and attempting to destroy institutionsof governments friendly to the United States (Spiegel 480). This subversionof government can even reach our beauracracy as the CIA is rumored to haveallowed the Nicaraguan Contras to sell drugs in the US to fund theirrevolution against the Sandinistas (CIA 20). Therefore, in South America, our persistence on Drug Prohibition has notonly been unable to prevent the further imports of drugs, but also couldlead to the installation of Communist regimes in the area. Since the othercosts of Drug Prohibition has its base domestically, the conversation willturn to rights and liberties which help to explain why the drug war is notAmerican and why it might not be effective. This requires a discussion onthe role of government. The ultimate end of government is to protect our rights. Weve entered asocial contract with our governments: that we will give our obedience andtaxes in return for protection of our rights. The United Nations classifiesthese rights in three generations: civil, socioeconomic, and solidarityrights (Peterson). Shielding our people from the dangers of a threateningworld, therefore, seems to be an appropriate use of the states power undersocioeconomic rights. The danger in thinking in this manner is that itoverlooks the individuals contributions to the nation. Thesecontributions, either positive or negative, are generally difficult toregulate by broad legislation. In fact, at times, legislation can becounterproductive, trying zealously to protect one right by violating manyothers. We saw in the former U.S.S.R. what can happen when government begins toenforce positive liberty. Positive liberty is different from what weusually think of as liberty, which is negative liberty. A negative libertyis one like the First Amendment which keeps the government from doingsomething, namely limiting your rights to speech and religion. A positiveliberty is one which forces the government to provide some service to itscitizens. An example of a positive liberty is the governmentsresponsibility to protect our inalienable rights. The danger with expandingpositive liberties is that it gives government a more active role inpeoples rights. For that reason most would believe that government shouldnot give itself too many positive liberties as did the Soviet Union(Peterson). Drug Prohibition is an example of a positive liberty because itgives the government the go ahead to do what it must to give us a drug-freeAmerica. However, we should ask the question: is it worth keeping DrugProhib ition as a positive liberty when it infringes upon both our negativeand positive liberties, not the least of which are life and liberty? U. S. District Judge William W. Schwarzer helped explain this when he said endingdrug use is useless if in the process we lose our soul (Trebach andInciardi 29). Today he might say since instead of if since theinjustice and the cost on society of Prohibition is already well ingrainedinto our society. There could be two possible explanations for Drug Prohibition: we mustprotect people from harming themselves, or we want people to avoid drugsbecause extensive drug use harms society. Proponents of Drug Prohibitionthink one or both of these reasons is adequate for continuing Prohibition. The first is based on the peoples right to life, and the second is based onthe right for pursuit of happiness. However, there are fallacies in bothstatements, as will be shown. Before we can admit that our reasoning for Drug Prohibition is wrong, wemust find a better alternative. The solution proposed in this essay is oneof establishing free markets both internationally and domestically. Theproponents of drug decriminalization have basic assumptions about what wouldresult from a free market. For now, we will focus on what proponents ofdrug legalization think the implications of a free drug market would be forthe individual users. These assumptions are that illegal drugs are not asdangerous as currently legal drugs and that the decriminalization of drugswill not greatly increase the number of drug addicts. First, most illegal drugs are not as dangerous as believed, and those thatare truly dangerous will be avoided. This is essential to the argument fordecriminalization since we do not wish to have a large number of people diefrom a policy. However, if we compare the number of people who die annuallyfrom appropriate drugs to that of the number of people who die annuallyfrom illicit drugs, we would be inconsistent to think of the illicit drugsas dangerous. For example, 60 million Americans have tried marijuana and notone of these 60 million have died of an overdose. If this is compared tothe 10,000 people who die annually from overdosing on alcohol, one canassume that marijuana is much less dangerous than alcohol. Also, many drugshave minor side-effects when compared to acceptable drugs. One example,heroin, is highly addictive, but when used in a clean environment with cleanneedles, its worst side effect is constipation (Evans and Berent, eds. 24). To Kill a Mockingbird EssayTwo social problems people tie together are crime and racism. Therefore,Drug Prohibition must play a role in racism since it plays a key role incrime. Researchers can show that the more efficient the War on Drugsgets, the more racism that incurs. Black males 15- 24 had a homicide ratenine times higher than white males in the same group. This high rate ofblack-on-black crime has two unfortunate results: first, the black victims,of course, and second, the fear of blacks by many whites. A racist personwould point to this large discrepancy between black and white homicide ratesas some sort of an inferiority (Trebach and Inciardi 34). The sad realityis that Prohibition has created much of this discrepancy. The analogybetween selling drugs and stealing diamonds shows why this difference mightexist. If the death penalty were applied to people who stole diamonds, itwould discourage people from stealing diamonds since the value of thediamonds did not increase. How ever, if the death penalty were applied todrug dealers, there would still be an incentive to sell drugs since theability to receive profit from dealing drugs would increase. The differencewould then be that the people who had very little to lose have even moreincentive to deal drugs. These people who have little to lose aredisproportionally blacks or Hispanics. These forces drive many people intothe most despised positions of society (Trebach and Inciardi 35). Also, the drug laws in the past have been and continue to be tools ofracism. In 1930, before the government had implemented many of the tools ofDrug Prohibition, a Colorado newspaper editor wrote, I wish I could showyou what a small marihuana cigaret sic can do to one of our degenerateSpanish-speaking residents. However, more of the resentment of Mexicansseemed to be because Mexican labor was willing to work for lower wagesthereby producing fear in Anglos over their pocketbooks. The only tool theycould use to keep Mexican labor out of the market was the drug laws (Miller98-99). During the 1950s, many places had laws against addiction. Due tothe nature of addiction, police could and did use this as an excuse toharass African-Americans and Hispanics (Miller 101). This similarlyhappened to the Chinese and opium, a drug previously used by many Anglos(Miller 104). One could see how this could transfer into today as manyminorities complain about selective prosecution, which is understandab leconsidering the racial undertones of the original Drug Prohibition. Since the inner cities receive a far greater share of the crime and racisminvolved with Drug Prohibition, it is much more difficult for a ruralcitizen to understand what these regulations do to the cities, but oneaspect of the Drug Prohibition that does harm to all of us by violatingour civil liberties. A government which calls 35 million of its citizenscriminals for actions which are within the scope of civil liberties is,thereby, violating civil liberties. Government is supposed to allow us todo what we wish if we do not interfere with others (Evans and Berent, eds. 58). With drugs, many proponents of drug decriminalization claim that fewusers when allowed to use drugs in a free market would harm anyone. Thegovernment has also gone beyond this violation of civil liberties into theviolating the democratic process by silencing discussion of the issue. Forexample, no commission has ever been held on the issue. Since thegovernment does not investigate the issue, this suggests that the governmentwishes to remain unaware of the issue (Evans and Berent, eds. 202). Also,many pieces of legislation such as H.R. 135 are very undemocratic. The billasks that no department or agency of the United States Government shallconduct or finance, in whole or in part, any study or research involving thelegalization of drugs (H.R. 135). This kind of legislation banningresearch of the issue is, at least, scary. If the fact that enforcementbreeds poor international relations, undue cost on public health, crime, andracism is bad, the fact that the government is infringing our rights everyday because of Drug Prohibition is atrocious and threatens our freedom. Drug users are not the only ones crying out for their rights in this war. Even Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall called many polices the drugexception to the Constitution. For example, one drug policy is thatcustoms officials can detain people for no less than 24 hours and notrelease them until they agree to deficate in the examiners presence, theyallow the feces to be examinated, and no traces of drug appear. Thesesearches can be done without reason to believe guilt even without anyevidence at all (Trebach and Inciardi 26). Enforcing Drug Prohibition requires invasions into the home since drug useis generally something done in the home (Trebach and Inciardi 26). Inanother case in Illinois, a couple was going on vacation to Florida. Aninformant told the police department that they were going to Florida to buydrugs. The problem was that this was not the usual informant that thepolice picks up from time to time. This informant was totally anonymous,even unknown to the detectives. The conviction was upheld though most theevidence sprouted from the anonymous, invisible informant we associated withthe Soviet Union (Trebach and Inciardi 28-29). Finally, the act offorfeiture is extremely heinous. If, for example, two kids were smokingmarijuana on your property, the police could take all your property. Evenif no charges are brought up against you, you must go to court and proveyour complete innocence (not just reasonable doubt) to reclaim your propertyfrom the government. In fact, half of all people who forfeit their propertynever get charged (Trebach and Inciardi 32). How Drug Prohibition has not been beneficial to society now having beendemonstrated completes the long string of problems that have stemmed fromDrug Prohibition in the realms of international relations and public healthshow where the costs appeared without any consideration having been given tobenefits. In contrast, when the benefits were considered, as was the caseon the issues concerning the drug user and society, the benefits did not panout or were not as important in the first place as the costs that haveresulted have been. Clearly, Drug Prohibition harms international relations. However, one maynot be so willing to accept that it has the profound effects on publichealth and societal problems. If we look back upon Alcohol Prohibition,alcohol was considered as the worst evil, as we think of drugs now. In bothcases, the fear about the denegration of society was not well founded. Thehealth of the users suffered as they would drink stronger and strongeralcohol as to keep the volume transported. Also, the unregulatedcontraband was more dangerous than it would have been. Alcohol Prohibitionalso created crime as Drug Prohibition does as we can see in the appearanceof the mafias like Al Capone which turned Chicago into a city troubled withcrime. The same cries for protection of rights were being heard as the FBIwas seen as invading our rights. Our history demonstrates the evils of prohibition. One should wonder whywe would be willing to fight the righteous fight again when it is neitherrighteous nor possible. Also, public opinion is peculiar given some facts. First, Alcohol Prohibition was dissolved by popular opinion because ofcrime, yet people continue to support Drug Prohibition although it createssimilar crime. Second, that we continue to support politicans who supportProhibition eventhough not one has given a creative solution, or at least,one we have not tried before. Finally, it is strange that people cannot seethrough the problems associated with drugs and not see they are due toProhibition and not use itself. If the drugs were sold at what would be themarket price, the people who steal and rob would not have any reason tosteal, or at least would have to steal less often to support their nowcheaper habit. The people who have become the evil welfare mothers whowaste all their government money on drugs instead of caring for theirchildren could not squander all their precious money on drugs because theywould be so cheap their would be no reason to. All of these terribleproblems Ive discussed, if not created by Prohibition, were great lyintensified by Prohibition. The end of drug laws would mark a never beforeseen improvement in the lives of every citizen. It is unfortunate that ourpoliticans, and even ourselves are too stuborn to even consider it. WORKS CITEDCasas Arcila, David. Student at Fairmont Senior High School. Personal Interview at his home, Fairmont, WV. 21 Sep. 1996. CIA, Contras, and Crack. The Christian Science Monitor. 1 Oct. 1996:20. Crime, Violence, and Drug Use Go Hand-in-Hand. Online. World Wide Web. http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/legaliz/claim1.html. 27 Aug. 1996. Duke, Steven B. How Legalization Would Cut Crime. Los Angeles Times. (21Dec. 1993). Online. World Wide Web.http://calyx.com/schaffer/misc/media2.html. 27 Aug. 1996. Epstein, Jack. Coca Czar Protests US War on Drugs. The Christian Science Monitor. 26 Sept. 1996: 1Evans, Rod L., and Berent, Irwin M., eds. Drug Legalization: For and Against. La Salle, Ill: Open Court publishing Company. 1992. Garca Mrquez, Gabriel. The Useless War. New York Times. 27 Feb. 1996:15. H.R. 135. 104th Congress. First Session. Introduced by Rep. Solomon. Online. World Wide Web. http://sunsite.unc.edu/warstop/hr135.html. Miller, Richard Lawrence. The Case for Legalizing Drugs. New York: Praeger Publisher, 1991. Myths of The Myths of Drug Legalization. Online. http://www.goldrush.com/tyedye/drugs.html. Oct. 10, 1996. Peterson, Sophia. Human Rights. West Virginia University. Morgantown, WV, 14 November 1996. Pulp Fiction. Dir. Quentin Tarantino. With John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson, and Uma Thurman. Buena Vista Films. 1994. Spiegel, Steven L. World Politics in a New Era. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. 1995. Trebach, Arnold S. and Inciardi, James A. Legalize It?: Debating American Drug Policy. Washington: The American University Press, 1993. Wink, Walter. Getting Off Drugs: The Legalization Option. Online. http://www.quaker.org/fj/wink.htmil#wink. Oct. 10, 1996. Words/ Pages : 5,352 / 24

Aberdeen Maritime Museum Essay Example

Aberdeen Maritime Museum Essay The purpose of this report is to provide a critical analysis of the existing communications strategy at Aberdeen Maritime Museum, and recommend future promotional activity. This will be done through an investigation of the museums target market, the current communications strategy used, a possible future communication strategy and ways to evaluate it. Conclusions will then be drawn. The Information needed for this report was gathered from textbooks, journals, the Internet and an interview with John Edwards, Aberdeen Maritime Museums Keeper of Science and Maritime History which took place on Monday 4th November. Museum Background Aberdeen Maritime Museum has been part of the citys heritage for numerous years. Prior to 1984 it was situated in a basement room of Cowdray Hall before it moved to Provost Ross House. 1998 saw the opening of a  £4million extension to the museum in its own purposely built building, (a converted church and empty plot next to Provost Ross House) making the museum five times its previous size. We will write a custom essay sample on Aberdeen Maritime Museum specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Aberdeen Maritime Museum specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Aberdeen Maritime Museum specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Today the museum is a very popular attraction within the city with 81,460 visitors last year (Evening Express, 14 March 2002). The museum has been ranked 24th out of 360 museums in Scotland. (www.scottishmuseums.org.uk). The museum has also won a five star award from Scottish Tourist Board. This is awarded to establishments who are exceptional. Target Market Segmentation is The division of the market into customer subsets, one or more of which becomes the target market, each with a distinct marketing mix (Turnbull, 2002). Therefore, target marketing is the process whereby specific segments are selected and marketing plans are developed to satisfy the needs of the potential buyers in the chosen segment (Fill, 2002) The museum targets local people as it contains local history. (90% of the objects inside the museum have been donated by local people (Edwards, 2002)) Segmenting people by this method is called geographic segmentation as the target market is in a specific area. School children and 16-24 year olds are the museums main audiences. The main reason for this is due to the large number of educational visits. Segmenting by age is known as demographics. Demographics can be defined as dividing the market into groups based upon demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality. (Kother and Armstrong, 2001) Therefore the museums main target market (school children and 16-24 year olds in the Aberdeen area) is segmented by geo-demographics (a combination of geographic and demographic segmentation) Business tourism is also a fast growing market, with an increase in conference and exhibitions. The Maritime Museum offers conference facilities that are growing in popularity. This could be because its classed as an unusual venue. Previous users of the conference facilities have included Grampian Police and major oil and computer companies. This market could be segmented on the basis of demographics the museum is targeting professionals looking for a venue to hold their conference. The museum also has customers who visit the museum to use the shop and the cafe facilities. This group of visitors would be segmented and targeted based on their behaviour traits. Overseas visitors to the city are not specifically targeted. Most visitors knowledgeable about the museum find out information via the Visit Scotland. The Maritime Museums target market of local people could be broken down into more specific segments such as schoolchildren, 16 24 year olds and professionals looking for conference facilities. Other segments such as retired people and families could also be considered. Current Communication Strategy Marketing communication is a management process through which an organisation enters into a dialogue with its various audiences (Fill, 2002). The main communication methods used to achieve communication are advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, exhibitions, packaging/design, personal selling, sponsorship, merchandising/point of sale, corporate identity, public relations and word of mouth. Advertising Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2001) With an advertising budget of  £10,000 per year, the museum can not afford any large-scale advertising activity. Currently the museum advertises locally through a leaflet produced by Aberdeen Art Gallery and Museums called the Diary. The leaflet highlights exhibitions and whats going on in the Art Gallery, Provost Skene House and the Maritime Museum. (Appendix 1.) The Diary could be described as an arts marketing consortia a regular forum for joint marketing (Freeman 1997) The benefits of this include reduced advertising costs, and reaching people who are unaware of the museum. The museum produces its own leaflet, but it is unavailable outside the museum. This is because it is primarily used for orientation around the museum. The museum also invests in advertising in a leaflet called North-East Scotlands Coastal Trail. (Appendix 2) There are over 200,000 leaflets produced, so it reaches a large number of people at a relatively low cost. (Edwards 2002) The small marketing budget means that the museum can not afford to have regular adverts in the local press. However, they are considering advertising in either the Press and Journal or the Evening Express each week in the same space to that people will become aware of the advert, then visit the museum. The only form of outdoor advertising that the museum partakes in is a banner outside the museum. Another form of advertising is through the Maritime Museums web page (www.aagm.co.uk), this is known as interactive advertising. Significant investment into Visit Scotland (www.visitscotland.com) is also made. In doing this the museum a reach a world-wide audience. Direct Marketing Kotler and Armstrong (2001) define direct marketing as a direct communication with carefully targeted individual consumers to obtain an immediate response and cultivate lasting customer relationships. The Friends of Aberdeen Art Gallery and Museums could be described as direct marketing. As well as providing funds to the AAGM, members receive invitations to functions and exhibition openings, mailings of information, and discount on selected items from the shops. (Appendix 3) Sales Promotion Sales promotion seeks to offer buyers additional value as an inducement to generate an immediate sale. (Fill, 2002) As the Maritime Museum offers a free service, sales promotion is not used. However, in 1998 until 2000, the museum introduced entry charges. Consequently, the number of visitors dropped by 75% (Edwards, 2002), so were therefore abolished. Sales promotion could have been used during this period, for example a family of four could have paid entry fees for two adults and the children got in free. Packaging/Design Packaging and design is concerned with the designing and producing the container or wrapper for a product. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2001) This communication method does not play apart in the museums strategy as they offer a service. Personal Selling Personal selling is a form of marketing communication that involves a face-to-face dialogue between two persons or by one person and a group. (Fill, 2002). Again this method does not play a part in the museums communication strategy. Sponsorship Fill (2002) defines sponsorship as a commercial activity whereby one party permits another an opportunity to exploit an association with a target audience in return for funds, services or resources. The museum does not sponsor anything it does however hold Techfest and activity weekends during the summer holidays for children (their target audience). Benefits of doing this include increased visitor numbers and increased awareness of the museum.. Merchandising/Point of Sale Merchandising is done at the museums shop, which sells goods such as pens, pencils and stickers that all contain the museums name Corporate Identity Corporate identity is simply the awareness, perception and attitudes held by an organisations various stakeholders (Fill, 2002) The museum finds out about its image by survey sheets which they have had for the last four years, and also by notes left in the visitor books which are placed throughout the museum. The museum is also conscious that the average shopper is not aware of the museum, but to find out exact figures, they would need to carry out expensive market research done by experts. Public Relations / Publicity In the March 1997 edition of the Museum Journal, Sarah Freeman stated during this time of cutbacks, aggressive political manoeuvres and market saturation, museums have started looking for allies to help them reach out to the public and convince audiences that are vital and worthwhile. The best way for museums to do this is through public relations. Public relations (PR) is about building up good relations with the companys various publics by obtaining favourable publicity (Kotler and Armstrong, 2001) Whenever a new exhibition is introduced into the Maritime Museum, a press release is sent to the local newspapers, which will then possibly run an editorial on it. This benefits the museum as it costs nothing but will also increase visitor numbers, raise support, influence people, establish a professional reputation and target audiences that are hard to reach (Freeman 1997) PR also has its downfalls. Main stories may only make it to newspapers and TV (local, regional or national) if there has been a disaster, a visit from a famous person, or a wacky or topical story. If there is important news on the same day as the museums editorial, the museum story is likely to be dropped, so it is very vulnerable. (Freeman 1997)